How the Constitution Limits the Power of Government

The Founding Father of America believed that freedom is a cornerstone of the nation. Therefore freedom had to be protected from any kinds of abuse including abuse by the Government. In order to achieve this purpose the Constitution has been designed in a manner that allowed to limit the powers of governing authorities and protect human rights. This paper shall investigate some of related constitutional provisions and demonstrate how the Constitution limits powers of the Government. First and foremost powers of the Government are limited by the American Bill of Rights which includes inalienable rights of every citizen which under no circumstances can be terminated. These rights include a right of free speech, right to carry arms, right to privacy etc. In fact the Bill of Rights does not limit the Government, yet it provides abilities for individuals to protect themselves from abuse by the Government [1]. The second feature that allows to limit power is principle of separation of powers. There are three branches of power: legislative power represented by the Congress, executive power headed by the President and judicial power vested by the Supreme Court. Neither of the branches has absolute power and each of them has certain rights and obligations together forming the checks and balances system – a second guarantee against abuse of powers[2]. The third opportunity to limit the Government is federalism. The principle of federalism means separation of powers between the central power and the states. Federalism restricts exercising absolute power by the Government because some powers can be exercised exclusively by the States. On the other hands, some powers can be exercised exclusively by the central government, so power of the Government and power of the States are mutually limited[2]. The fourth opportunity to limit powers is a right of citizens to elect their governments (both Federal and State). The Government which abuses human rights and misuses it’s powers would simply not be elected for the next term, thusly being deprived of opportunity to further infringe it’s powers[3]. Works Cited: 1. Constitution of the United States of America. Amendments 1-10 (American Bill of Rights). Available at: http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html (last viewed: May 3, 2008) 2. Cooray Mark The Australian Achievement: From Bondage To Freedom. Available at: http://www.ourcivilisation.com/cooray/btof/chap174.htm   (last viewed: May 3, 2008) 3. Jacob G. Hornberger (2000) The Constitution: Liberties of the People and Powers of Government. Available at:   http://www.fff.org/freedom/0900a.asp   (last viewed: May 3, 2008)   

Dramatic Literature Essay

In the realist drama â€Å"A Doll House†, Ibsen effectively employs dramatic conventions to expose the flawed value system of the bourgeoisie, regarding the institutions of marriage, prejudice gender roles and personal integrity. Moreover, the dramatic tension on the play is heightened through Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play and the melodramatic denouement at the beginning of each act. In essence, Ibsen satirises the stifling moral climate of the bourgeoisie in conditioning an individual’s identity, in the pursuit for self-determinism. The imposition of prejudice gender roles are brought to life through the doll house metaphor, illuminating the entrapment of the bourgeoisie. Metaphorically, the doll house is a moral safeguard for values of social determinism, which Ibsen exposes the limitations of external forces in conditioning Nora’s existence as a doll. Her internalisation of the pre-determined housewife role and Torvald’s internalisatio n of the patriarch role maintains the illusory deception of the doll house. Nora’s objectification is enforced through Torvald’s gendered language, â€Å"my songbird†, â€Å"lark† and squirrel† and the diction of â€Å"my† connotes Torvald’s ownership of Nora in their superficial marriage. Simultaneously, Torvald’s strict adherence to patriarchal ideologies, limits his capacity to empathise with Nora’s cry for emancipation, evident in the subtext â€Å"give me pennies of my own†. Essentially, Ibsen successfully adopts the doll house metaphor to attack the mores of patriarchy, which forces Nora to compromise her identity and freedom to rigid social ideologies. The superficial institutions of marriage disfigure one’s sense of personal identity, justifying Nora’s cry for liberation from patriarchal ideologies which disempower women of her time. The combination of the stage direction â€Å"wagging his finger† and the patronising tone â€Å"was little Ms Sweet Tooth naughty?† showcases the detriments of social oppression in limiting one’s ability to undergo self-actualisation. The diction â€Å"little† connotes Nora’s submission to Torvald’s internalisation of dominant ideologies, mirroring the dis empowerment of women in the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the symbolic Tarantella dress reflects Torvald’s idealised perception of Nora as his â€Å"pretty little thing†, reiterating Nora’s objectification. The power imbalance within the Helmer marriage justifies Nora’s deceit, evident in the dramatic irony â€Å"I wouldn’t do anything you’d disapprove of†. This notion is juxtaposed with Nora’s statement â€Å"I saved Torvald’s life [by] signing my  father’s name [and] got the money†. Nora’s deception subverts Torvald’s strict adherence to the imposed social ideologies, which Kristine echoes these patriarchal sentiments, â€Å"a wife cannot borrow money without her husband’s permission†. The conflict of gender limitations drives the tragic force of the play in Act 1, ending at a climactic moment to heighten the tension in Act 2. In essence, Ibsen successfully generates a greater degree of empathy for Nora, as he mirrors the d isempowerment of the social and economic limitations of women in the bourgeoisie. Ibsen’s rich exploration of the bourgeoisie, inevitably results in Nora’s detachment from her doll metaphor. Kristine and Krogstad function as catalysts for Nora’s transformation, through illuminating the truth of the Helmer marriage, â€Å"no more lies, tricks†¦ they must understand each other†. While Krogstad initiates the tragic force of the play through his symbolic letter in Act 2. Ibsen establishes the juxtaposition of the authentic relationship of Krogstad and Kristine to the superficiality of the Helmer marriage, compelling Nora to transcend the limitations of the bourgeoisie. Moreover, the parallel of Nora and Krogstad subverts the values of social determinism, as Krogstad elevates himself through the social hierarchy despite being deemed â€Å"morally sick†. Essentially, an unexpected union of the two derives from a compromised understanding, as both characters are criminalised for their acts of personal integrity. Thereby, Ibsen invites the audience to evaluate their personal values, emphasising the importance of self-determinism overriding social confor mity. Ibsen exposes the flawed value system of the bourgeoisie, and forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s life being overridden by social morality. The dramatic irony of the Tarantella dance â€Å"anyone’d think your life depended on this dance† and Nora’s statement â€Å"31 hours to live† foreshadows the impending death of Nora’s doll metaphor. This is further accentuated through Finney’s statement of Nora’s cry for emancipation from the Tarantella dance, evident in â€Å"she returns from her frenzied state, back to the role of a wife and mother, only as a springboard from which to emancipate herself.† Moreover, Nora evolves from a doll identity in Act 1, evident in Rosenburg’s claims â€Å"Ibsen began with a maltreated stuffed Nora doll† to an awakened woman in Act 3. Her transformation demolishes the artificial foundations of the doll house, thus revealing the harsh winter landscape, embodying reality. Therefore, it is  best â€Å"to go out into the real world, and discover the truth for [herself] and [her] values†. Moreover, Ibsen’s subversion of the well-made play is evident in the final scene of the play, where Nora â€Å"slams the door† and leaves the audience with a climactic ending. Ibsen juxtaposes the beginning and final scene of the play to showcase the disparity of Nora’s transition throughout the play. Her first appearance connotes her disempowerment in the bourgeoisie lifestyle, which is then contrasted to the final scene, where she â€Å"puts on the cloak and turns on the lights†. The illumination of the truth compels Nora to extricate herself from the illusory deception of the door house, thus abandoning the false union of her superficial marriage and burden of motherhood. In essence, Nora is virtually unrecognisable by the end of Act 3, as Ibsen courageously abandons the doll metaphor, thus emphasising the importance transcending social limitations to maintain an identity. Mirroring Austen’s social satire â€Å"Pride and Prejudice†, Weldon grapples with the significance of context and questions of values in her didactic epistolary novel â€Å"Letters to Alice†. Moreover, both composers utilise form as a vehicle to socially critique their contemporaries, thus reinforcing the didactic purpose of invoking ideological change. This is achieved through the examination of the institutions of marriage, moral education, Literature, prejudice gender roles and social stratification. Weldon examines Austen’s social satire in exploring the changing facets of marriage, thus reshaping our perception of the connection that links the 18th century marriage customs to that of the modern martial practices. The contextualisation of a Georgian woman emphasises the gender injustices prevalent in the 18th century Regency England. Moreover, marriage was depicted as a social contract for economic survival, evident in Charlotte’s pragmatic char acterisation, who married Mr Collins out of practicality rather than â€Å"general similarity of feelings and taste†. Mrs Bennet also reinforces these sentiments, as the â€Å"business of her life was to get her daughters married†, therefore, Mrs Bennet and Charlotte’s strict adherence to social conventions of marriage reinforces its idealistic prospect of being the â€Å"only honourable provision†. Weldon justifies the Georgian woman’s outlook of marriage through the statistics â€Å"only 30% of women married† and  asserts Alice â€Å"you must understand the world in which Austen was born in†. Thereby, the modern audience is able to grapple with the significance assigned to marriage in Austen’s world, through Weldon’s insight. In essence, Austen satirises the flawed value system regarding the institutions of marriage through her adoption of caricatures and irony. Weldon acts as a facilitator for the modern audience to gain a holistic understanding of â€Å"P+P†, through her examination of the gender injustices prevalent in Austen†™s era. Patriarchy prevailed in the 18th century, meaning life was founded on the basis of marriage, as women were limited to the narrow confines of work, â€Å"women’s trade – millinery, embroidery, prostitution†¦ or you could get married†. Weldon’s satirical comment reveals the prejudice gender roles in disempowerment women in the 18th century, thus asserting â€Å"it was a horrible time to be alive†. This is further accentuated through Charlotte’s pragmatism, who â€Å"does not think highly of men or matrimony† and â€Å"sacrifices every feeling of worldly advantage† to accepting Mr Collin’s marriage proposal for financial security and social elevation. Moreover, Weldon’s satirical comment juxtaposed the perceptions of marriage in the 18th century to that of the modern context, â€Å"the stuff in our women’s magazine, but it was the stuff of their life†. The elevation of gender roles in the modern context emphasises the adversities women faced in Austen’s world, and this is achieved through the contrast of character foils Elizabeth and Charlotte. In essence, Weldon positions the audience to gain an appreciation for the transformation of gender roles in changing contexts, empowering women to become great contributors to society. Weldon’s hybridity employs Aunt Faye as a mouthpiece to examine the institutions of Literature in â€Å"P+P† and â€Å"LTA†. The emphasis of Literature’s value in society is evident in the hyperbole â€Å"very essence of civilisation†. According to Weldon’s didacticism, Literature should not be deemed as â€Å"just books†, as it embodies complex and dynamic concepts of the human condition. In essence, Weldon refers to Literature with a â€Å"capital L† and books by the sophistication of their characters, whose struggles in their fictional lives resonate to our own. Moreover, the use of imperatives â€Å"you must read Alice, before it is too late† reinforces Weldon’s didactic purpose of Literature catalysing self-actualisation. Compar ably, an accomplished Georgian woman â€Å"has a thorough knowledge of music, singing, drawing and dancing†. Austen however  satirises this limited perception of â€Å"good education† as it is â€Å"ineffectual† to foster independence and intelligence in women. Lady Catherine’s patronising tone in addressing Elizabeth as an â€Å"unfeeling, selfish girl† demonstrates her lack of moral education despite her aristocratic stature. It is Elizabeth however, who epitomises â€Å"good education† with her wit and independence, thus undergoing self-awakening, â€Å"til this moment I never knew myself†. In contrast, Weldon employs the extended metaphor of the â€Å"City of Invention† to promote connections, where writers can â€Å"cohabit and collaborate† with their â€Å"Houses of Imagination†. Moreover, our â€Å"carvings† on the â€Å"Rock of Eternity† symbolises our shared experiences and values, linking the past, present and future together. Thus, Weldon invites the audience to reach out to posterity, much like Austen through her canonical Literature. The â€Å"City† also enables connections between reader and writer, for us to â€Å"understand ourselves and each other†, thus gaining empathy through Literature. Weldon’s re-examination of â€Å"P+P† showcases the fundamental values predominant in classic texts, thus transcending their era of composition, and emphasising the importance of Literature in catalysing one’s sense of spiritual awakening. The underlying value prevalent in both texts of social stratification is enhanced by the contextualisation of fundamental values in both texts. Austen asserts the stability and order enforced through conformity to rigid social class structures, and family being a primary factor to determining one’s social standing, and consequently one’s chance of marriage. This is evident in Lady Catherine’s caricature, as she forewarns of the detriments of an individual’s subversion of the social class system, â€Å"you’ll be slighted and despised†¦ your alliance will be a disgrace†. Simultaneously, Austen introduces the unorthodox union of Darcy and Elizabeth to challenge the social class system because their relationship is founded on mutual respect and compatibility, thus invoking a positive change in the rigid social structure. Weldon accounts for Darcy’s decision â€Å"to marry where he loved, and not where he ought†, as Elizabeth â€Å"brought neither land nor money – but she brought vigour, intelligence and honesty†. In essence, Austen exposes the superficiality of the institutions of social stratification, and emphasises the importance of personal integrity overriding social morality. Shakespeare’s adaptation of Plutarch’s histories â€Å"Julius Caesar† utilises tragic form to exhibit the subjective nature of conflicting perspectives. Moreover, the linguistic techniques elicited through the power play of orations subvert the audience’s views of personalities, events and situations. Shakespeare presents multitude perspectives to explore the power vacuum and political machinations prevalent in Elizabethan England. In essence, the audience is positioned to accept the ambiguity of conflicting perspectives, through Shakespeare’s exploration of the volatility and temporary nature of power, political imperatives and the validity of truth. Similarly, Buttrose’s feature article â€Å"Et tu Julia† employs â€Å"Julius Caesar† as a historical framework to explore the dynamics of politics and represent the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives. Thereby, Buttrose grapples with the tension between the drive for altruistic and political imperatives, thus leading to the audience’s questioning of Gillard’s legitimacy as PM. Shakespeare’s construction of conflicting portraitures forewarns of the dangers of political machination superseding one’s capacity for objectivity and â€Å"truth†. Mirroring the political machinations of Elizabethan England, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political imperatives at the expense of Brutus’ honour. Caesar’s deification â€Å"as constant as the northern star† and repetition of third person accentuates his hubris, through the establishment of the artificial distance between himself and his mortality. Through various representations, Shakespeare illuminates the fallacy inherent in Caesar’s noble character, leading to his tragic demise, thus revealing the fragility of power. The audience is able to recognise Caesar’s vulnerability through the act of political machination of Cassius compelling Brutus to conspire against Caesar, â€Å"as crowned, how that might change his nature†. Shakespeare’s juxtaposition of Caesar’s thrasonical assertions opposed to Cassius’ anecdotes of Caesar’s fragility â€Å"help me Cassius, or I sink† generates polarised perspectives of Caesar’s personality. Moreover, the combination of the extended metaphor â€Å"ambition’s ladder’ and the biblical allusion of â€Å"serpent’s egg†¦ if hatch’d would grow mischievous†, leads to the audience’s questioning of Caesar’s ambition. Ultimately, this robs Brutus of his foresight, compelling him to ext ricate the satanic creature to prevent a potentially despotic reign, ironically defying the natural order. Essentially, Shakespeare explores the dynamics of political machinations  overriding one’s noble perspective, thus stimulating conflicting ideologies in questions of â€Å"truth†. Simultaneously, Buttrose’s intertextuality â€Å"Et tu Julia† examines the justification of Gillard’s political machinations and the speculation of her credibility of her political machination. The condition clause â€Å"we have to see whether Julia Caesar is a reforming republican or imperial stooge† historically alludes to Caesar’s assassination, raising questions of ethics in the conspiracy. Buttrose mirrors Shakespeare’s criticism of the conspiracy, evident in the hyperbole â€Å"the political murder of Kevin Rudd† coupled with the violent imagery, â€Å"the coup came, the plotters bludgeoned†. Essentially, the Labour party is represented as despotic and immoral, leading to the audience’s questioning of Rudd’s dismissal and Gillard’s instatement, thus generating a greater degree of empathy for the fallen PM. Moreover, his support for Rudd is further accentuated through the use of idiosyncratic Australian colloquialism â€Å"[Rudd] wanted to buy back the farms from mining interests†, elevating his political stature through emphasising his altruistic imperatives for public good. Mirroring Antony’s assertions of Caesar’s benevolence, Buttrose similarly presents an anecdote of Rudd’s claims to â€Å"improve health services, education and housing†. Comparably, Buttrose represents a polarised perspective of Gillard’s legitimacy for her acts of political machination for the welfare of the Labour party. This is evident in denigrating Rudd’s credibility as PM through the slogan â€Å"Rudd the Dud†¦ not to be trusted† coupled with the polling statistics â€Å"losing electoral appeal† and â€Å"Liberal party lead of 9%†. Essentially reinforcing Gillard’s credibility as leader, the political jargon appeals to the audie nce’s logos, positioning them to accept the act of Rudd’s dismissal as a necessity for the Labour party. In essence, Buttrose represents the subjectivity of conflicting perspectives conditioned in the dynamics of politics. Shakespeare challenges the audience to postulate on the existence of truth through illuminating the power of rhetoric to influence meaning within different representations of perspectives. Political machinations are explored in Brutus and Antony’s orations, epitomising conflicting perspectives to the climax of Caesar’s assassination in Act 3. Brutus’ antithesis â€Å"not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more† appeals to the Plebians’ patriotism, and the disjunction â€Å"but† enables the  audience to recognise Brutus’ moral sacrifice for the betterment of Rome. This is further accentuated through the anacoenosis â€Å"have Caesar live and die all slaves, than Caesar die to live all free men?† coupled with the strong affirmation â€Å"Caesar was ambition, so I slew him†, appealing to the audience’s logos, thus positioning to accept the necessity of Caesar’s assassination. Brutus instils fear of Caesar’s inherent tyranny in the Plebians through the diction of â€Å"slave†. Comparably, Shakespeare presents an alternative perspective of Caesar’s personality through Antony’s oration. Antony exploits the power of rhetoric through the condition clauses, â€Å"if Caesar was ambitious† to question the validity of Brutus’ claims. This is further negated through the recollection of memories â€Å"he thrice refused [the crown]†, leading the audience to question their personal truths in determining the credibility of Brutus’ justification of his political imperatives. Fundamentally, Shakespeare exploits the power of representations through the power of rhetoric to manipulate â€Å"truths†, thus leading to conflicting ideologies.

Apush Outline

The Bonds of Empire, 1660-1750 o Rebellion and War, 1660-1713 ? Before Restoration (1660), England made little attempt to weld colonies ? Royal Centralization, 1660-1688 †¢ Restoration monarchs disliked representative government †¢ Charles II rarely called parliament into session after 1674, and none after 1681 †¢ James II wanted to rule as absolute monarch o Meant he would never face an elected legislation †¢ These 2 kings had little sympathy for Am.   RI, and Plymouth into Dominion of New Eng. o 1688= NY and the Jerseys came in o Sir Edmund Andros became governor of Dominion of New Eng. ? The Glorious Revolution in England and America, 1688-1689 †¢ Charles II converted to Catholicism on deathbed †¢ Eng. olerated James’ conversion to Catholicism b/c his heirs (Mary and Anne) were Anglican †¢ Bloodless revolution of 1688=Glorious revolution o Created limited monarchy in Eng. ? Promised to summon parliament once a yr. , sign all its bills, and respect traditional civil liberties o William and Mary (now king and queen of eng. after they overthrew James) dismantled Dominion of New Eng. o NY rebelled with Leisler’s Rebellion ? The Enlightenment †¢ In 1750 the Enlightenment’s greatest contributions to Am. life still lay in the future. A quarter-century later, Anglo-Am. drew on the enlightenment’s revolutionary ideas as they declared their independence from Britain and created the foundations of a new nation †¢ It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the sad state of the human condition and the need for major reforms. The Enlightenment was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes. At its core was a critical questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. ? The Great Awakening †¢ In New England, the Great Awakening was influential among many Congregationalists †¢ In the Middle and Southern colonies, the Awakening was influential among Presbyterians and other dissenting Protestants. †¢ A time of increased religious activity. The revival began with Jonathan Edwards, a well-educated theologian and Congregationalist minister from Northampton, Massachusetts, who came from Puritan and Calvinist roots, but emphasized the importance and power of immediate, personal religious experience. †¢ Edwards’ sermons were powerful and attracted a large following. o Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, is his most famous sermon. †¢ The Methodist preacher George Whitefield, visiting from England, continued the movement, traveling across the colonies and preaching in a more dramatic and emotional style, accepting everyone into his audiences.

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Philosophical Thoughts on the Nature of Dogs Essay

Philosophical Thoughts on the Nature of Dogs - Essay Example The fundamental question of an issue like this rests on the fact that it is impossible to communicate with these animals – you cannot ask a dog what it thinks or how it would like to be treated, and so we form (often incorrect and anthropomorphic) assumptions of their wants and desires, as exemplified by widespread and ridiculous practices such as leaving a television on for a bet for â€Å"company† while its owners are away, as if a flashing screen and random noises would provide comfort to an animal that primarily identifies its comrades by smell and shape. Our lack of ability to communicate directly with animals has led to a vicious debate about the ownership of pets, whether this constitutes animal cruelty, and especially whether treating animals differently than humans (such as allowing for their ownership and control) is a kind of discrimination that is analogous to sexism and racism – acceptable now because of ignorance and social mores, but morally repreh ensible when examined critically or through a lens of time. There are many arguments both for and against the ownership of pets being considered a form of discrimination, but I believe that a thorough understanding of the issues involved, along with a reference to The Fundamentals of the Metaphysic of Morals by Emmanuel Kant can demonstrate that pet ownership is not morally reprehensible. There are ample arguments to be made that the way humans currently treat animals is inhumane (well, it is certainly inhumane under a literal definition – we treat them differently than we treat humans) and that this is morally reprehensible. One of the fundamental philosophical arguments is that humans are animals, and that by drawing an arbitrary line we make an artificial distinction where there is none, such as was made during the years of scientific racism (Dawkins 34). Furthermore, a though experiment can help develop this theme further: what if the intermediate species between humans a nd other apes, such as Australopithecus Aphaeresis, did not die, but were still alive today? Would we feel comfortable vivisecting them for medical research, as is currently done on chimpanzees (Nibert 7)? The answer is probably not, because they are so human like (). But then, we admit that the line is somewhat arbitrary – that at some point we decide that something is far enough â€Å"below† humans that their worth is fundamentally lessened, but above that point it is not? This is certainly an untenable position philosophically speaking, because there is very little that categorically separates humans from other animals – many other animals use tools, have some form of verbal communication (it has even been argued that Orcas have a form of symbolic language), can solve puzzles, do simple math and so on. Furthermore, humans have a fundamental inability to understand what is actually going on in an animal’s head – we can only surmise based on our o wn assumptions of their cognitive abilities. Yet this should make humans think that they must be exceedingly cautious in the dealing with Animals, to ensure that we are not accidentally committing slaver, oppression or genocide (Barilan 22). The analogous situation would be to imagine a species of aliens observing earth that have a completely different form of communication and cognition. They might not be able to imagine our communication or actions as intelligence or

Explain the reasons for and the effects of Bahamian emigration to Term Paper

Explain the reasons for and the effects of Bahamian emigration to Florida between (1870's-1920's) - Term Paper Example Why United States? The country was agricultural country, the country has strong economic foundation, and the quality of life of its citizen was comparatively better than other any country. The United States was considered to be land of opportunity, and was therefore a safe haven for the migrants from South America. The economy of the country was on road to success and expansion, and the country required large number of labour forces. The migrants were South America were therefore able to find adequate opportunities, and were able to secure economic fortunes and quality life. The status of the newly emancipated blacks in the nineteenth century provoked a wave of migration of whites to the United States. Key West played an important part in the Bahamas – Florida connection. Many whites who were living in the northern islands such as the Abacos were making a livelihood from activities such as sponging, fishing and wrecking. After emancipation these activities also became a part of the livelihood of the newly emancipated slave. The whites then found themselves in stiff competition with the blacks. This and other reasons drove them to occupy Key West which was in close proximity to the Bahamas. There racial prejudices also helped to push them at a faster rate and in greater numbers. â€Å"The Abaconians had migrated because they were ‘disgusted at the civil and religious equality of the negroes’ and were conversely attracted by the fact that Florida was a slaveholding state resolutely adhering to ‘Southern values’, where the y could ‘gratify their contemptuous dislike without stint and without reprisals’ (Craton & Saunders 218). The trend changed, however, in 1865 after the abolition of slavery in the United States. Encouraged by the possibility of job opportunities and better living conditions many black Bahamians also moved to Key West. Another wave of black Bahamian migrants

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Body Modification & Fashion - Thesis Example The essay "Body Modification & Fashion" attempts to explain the meaning and practice of body modifications, history, reasons of different modifications, perceptions about modification from ancient to modern culture, and evolution of fashion that body modification brought from past to popular culture. The practice of body modification ranges from non-permanent modifications, such as makeup, clothing and semi-permanent modifications, such as, hair and skin coloring, hair cutting to permanent modifications, such as tattooing and piercing. Since its inception, people modified their bodies for various reasons which include personal, spiritual and social experiences. Whether we consider ancient practices or contemporary commitment, despite the apparent pain associated with body modification practices, the main accomplishment of the acquirer has always been claimed to be some form of bliss and satisfaction. Throughout history, body modification practice has been acquired by many movements a s symbolic meaning of their understanding and rebellion to popular culture and social set up. History reveals that some people love that practice, some hated, and some looked down upon it, and some remained afraid of people practicing it, yet, it leaves the mark on history forever and no doubt, it is going to stay in human life in one form or the other in future as well. The term â€Å"body modification† refers to the practices that alter the appearance and form of body either temporarily or permanently, such.

Workers Compensation in the State of Florida Research Paper

Workers Compensation in the State of Florida - Research Paper Example Workers are entitled to make claims in regards to injuries arising out of work while in the course of employment. These injuries may result in temporary total disability, permanent disability or permanent partial disability as well as death. To calculate benefit entitlements worker are divided into classes according to the type of duties they perform or job description. Each category has an average wage which is used in determining premiums paid by employer and in compensation (Justice Newsflash, 2010). Workers are entitled to claim benefits as a result of occupational diseases acquired at work due to use of harmful chemicals or other substances that may affect health. The employer is supposed to hire a certified medical practitioner or recommend a list of practitioners where injured employees can be medically examined. If established that indeed the employee suffered injury, the following benefits are payable:-Medical benefits whereby full medical benefits are given but after maximu m medical improvement, a $10 patient copayment is required for all medical services and non attendance to medical exams is fined 50% (Larson, 2003). Temporary total disablement are subject to social security and unemployment insurance and are calculated as % of workers wage subject to weekly maximum and payment is up to 104 weeks. Permanent total disability benefits are paid as long as disability continues and are subject to legal deductions while permanent partial disablement is % of weekly payments and has no minimum. Disfigurements such as facial or head are also payable.  

ExxonMobil Oil Essay Example for Free

ExxonMobil Oil Essay As far as my knowledge of anthropology is concerned ExxonMobil Oil must have great empathy for Gwichin, which I think they have but they are not showing it properly to Gwichin. Tundra is home town or village of Gwichin and they must be scared of such activities because they are unaware of the consequences of drilling and seismic exploration, etc. There is lack of communication between ExxonMobil and Gwichin and other personnel who hold the authority to give permission to drill or explore oil. Gwichin think that ExxonMobil oil does not bother for their rights, they have to do what they want to do independent of our satisfaction. Gwichin thinks that these people have already made their minds and they don not want to listen to us. ExxonMobil Oil must send delegations to Gwichin to hold negotiations with Gwichin and make them aware about the technology and modern ways of drilling and exploration. They must tell Gwichin that although these activities are harmful to environment to some extent but modern technology has reduced this harm to minimum. In fact positive changes after drilling and production of oil will be great as compared to the negative impacts and Gwichin must be made well aware by each of those positive impacts. ExxonMobil Oil must keep in mind that it would be very difficult for Gwichin to agree to their points very quickly because Gwichins are adapted to this type of environment for several years and any sudden change to their environment and change about which Gwichin does not know completely would not be welcomed very easily. ExxonMobil Oil must show empathy which they posses for Gwichin and for that they would have to strive very hard. Gwichin must also be told that, in petroleum activities such as drilling, exploration, etc foremost importance is given to environment, health and safety. It must be told that no waste is directly exposed to the environment which harmful for the environment without treating. Gwichin must be told that there will not be any disturbance directly to the environment for a very long time. At the time of commencing of any drilling or exploration activity there will be bit of problem but later hurdles will only be in the form of pipelines and small stations, which could be designed in such a way causing minimum or no harm to the environment or to the wildlife residing in the land of tundra. ExxonMobil Oil must emphasis on the benefits rather then adversities which Gwichin will enjoy after the exploration and production of oil. Gwichin must also be included in the advisory committee of development of this field for their satisfaction and performing the activity in better way from Gwichin point of view. Gwichin must be told that although there will be bit of change but that change is beneficial for these people in great number of ways. For example if drilling, exploration or other such activity takes place then this could be an easy source of income for the Gwichin as compared to old livelihood. ExxonMobil must be determined to compel these people and must remember that if there is a will there is always a way. ExxonMobil can also use personnel from other tribe which agreed to the drilling and exploration activity in their as part of their delegations. On the other hand Gwichin must also compromise. Gwichin must listen to their proposals, in fact Gwichin must also propose a plan because these people are better aware of the environment and they can point out subtleties which others will not even know and can also point out their better remedy. ExxonMobil Oil and Gwichin both must join their heads together to make such a plan which cause minimum damage to the environment, to tundra land, to the wildlife living there and finally to the Gwichins. REFERENCES 1. Anthropology by Robert Ranulph Marett

Soft Drinks in India Essay Example for Free

Soft Drinks in India Essay Soft drinks off-trade value sales continued to record further growth in 2013 in India mainly due to growth in juices, and bottled water. Categories such as carbonates, and sports and energy drinks faced significant pressure due to growing health concerns but the strong grip of brands especially for carbonated drinks helped soft drinks to continue growth momentum during the review period. Soft Drinks in India report offers a comprehensive guide to the size and shape of the market at a national level. It provides the latest retail sales data (2009-2013), allowing you to identify the sectors driving growth. It identifies the leading companies, the leading brands and offers strategic analysis of key factors influencing the market – be they legislative, distribution, packaging or pricing issues. Forecasts to 2018 illustrate how the market is set to change. Product coverage: Asian Speciality Drinks, Bottled Water, Carbonates, Concentrates, Juice, RTD Coffee, RTD Tea, Sports and Energy Drinks. Data coverage: market sizes (historic and forecasts), company shares, brand shares and distribution data. Why buy this report? * Get a detailed picture of the Soft Drinks market; * Pinpoint growth sectors and identify factors driving change; * Understand the competitive environment, the market’s major players and leading brands; * Use five-year forecasts to assess how the MARKET is predicted to develop. Table of Content Executive Summary Soft Drinks Records Further Growth in Value Sales Launch of New Flavours Maintain Consumers Interest Amidst Slowdown Competition Between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo Becomes More Aggressive Modern Retailers Gain Further Popularity Sustained Sales Likely To Record Steady Growth in Sales Key Trends and Developments Manufacturers Focus on Introducing New Flavours Celebrity Endorsements Remain As Popular Promotional Tool Modern Retail Gains Further Popularity East and Northeast India North India South India West India Rural Vs Urban Key Trends and Developments Trends Competitive Landscape For more information kindly visit: http://www.marketreportsonindia.com/food-beverages-market-research-reports-541/soft-drinks-in-india.html About MarketReportsonIndia Market Report on India is a portal where you can access thousands of reports on India starting from Aeronautics to Zinc (A-Z). We provide you with reports which will help you gain a better understanding of the Sectors, Companies, New Products and Latest trends.

Project Manager As Uninspired Taskmaster Information Technology Essay

Project Manager As Uninspired Taskmaster Information Technology Essay PROJECTS change. This simple fact is not fundamentally due to a lack of planning or incompetence on the part of project managers and project developers. Rather, change is an inherent characteristic of any growing entity. Embedded projects grow as much as they are built. Living things adapt to their environment. The environment surrounding any embedded project is ever in flux. Budgets change. Resources change. Schedules change. Competition changes. Customer needs change. Even if this changing environment could be eliminated, another form of change would continue to affect embedded projects. A project learns as it grows and must change in response to this learning. That is, as features come to fruition, the developers, users, customers, and managers become more fully aware of the projects reality. First, by traditional project management we refer mainly to any methodology where project development is viewed as a specialized version of manufacturing or as a construction project. This ty pe of project management is identified by its sequential phases of design, implementation, and testing (the waterfall approach) planned out through critical path analysis (usually represented via Gantt charts). Second, we address here only those projects that include any sort of variability or unknowns in their requirements Agile methodologies such as eXtreme Programming (XP), SCRUM and Feature-Driven Development strive to reduce the cost of change throughout the project development process. For example, XP uses rapid iterative planning and development cycles in order to force trade-offs and deliver the highest value features as early as possible. In addition, the constant, systemic testing that is part of XP ensures high quality via early defect detection and resolution. In spite of some early success with agile methodologies, a number of factors are preventing their widespread adoption. Agile methodology advocates often find it difficult to obtain management support for implementing what seem like dramatic changes in application development. These methodologies require developers, managers and users alike to change the way they work and think. For example, the XP practices of pair programming, test-first design, continuous integration, and an on-site customer can seem like daunting changes to implemen t. Furthermore, these methodologies tend to be developer-centric and seem to dismiss the role of management in ensuring success. Traditional management theory assumes that: Rigid procedures are needed to regulate change Hierarchical organizational structures are means of establishing order Increased control results in increased order Organizations must be rigid, static hierarchies Employees are interchangeable parts in the organizational machine Problems are solved primarily through reductionist task breakdown and allocation Projects and risks are adequately predictable to be managed through complex up-front planning Within this context, it is small wonder that the new methodologies appear informal to the point of being chaotic, egalitarian to the point of actively fostering insubordination, and directionless in their approach to problem solving. We believe that the slow adoption of agile methodologies stems mainly from this misalignment between the fundamental assumptions of traditional management and those of the new agile development methodologies. As such, there is a significant need for a change in assumptions and a new management framework when working with agile methodologies. Specifically, we have begun to build the notion of complex adaptive systems (CAS) into our management assumptions and practices. Complexity scientists have studied the collective behaviour of living systems in nature such as the flocking of birds, schooling of fish, marching of ants and the swarming of bees. They have discovered that, while the individual agents in these complex adaptive systems possess only local strategic rules and capacity, their collective behaviour is characterized by an overlaying order, self-organization, and a collective intelligence that is greater than the sum of the parts. The theory of CAS has been applied successfully in several areas economics, life sciences and more recently, to management. These concepts of CAS led to the inspiration that like the XP team, project managers also need a set of simple guiding practices that provide a framework within which to manage, rather than a set of rigid instructions. Following these practices, the manager becomes an adaptive leader setting the direction, establishing the simple, generative rules of the system, and encouraging constant feedback, adaptation, and collaboration. This management framework, covered in detail in Section 4, provides teams implementing agile methodologies with: An intrinsic ability to deal with change A view of organizations as fluid, adaptive systems composed of intelligent living beings A recognition of the limits of external control in establishing order, and of the role of intelligent control that employs self-organization as a means of establishing order An overall problem solving approach that is humanistic in that: It regards employees as skilled and valuable stakeholders in the management of a team. It relies on the collective ability of autonomous teams as the basic problem solving mechanism. It limits up-front planning to a minimum based on an assumption of unpredictability, and instead, lays stress on adaptability to changing conditions. The Problem: Project Management as Uninspired Taskmaster Traditional project lifecycle development methodologies grew out of a need to control ever-larger development projects, and the difficulties of estimating and managing these efforts to reliably deliver results. These methodologies drew heavily on the principles from engineering such as construction management. As a result, they stressed predictability (one has to plan every last detail of a bridge or building before it is built), and linear development cycles requirements led to analysis which led to design which in turn led to development. Along with predictability, they inherited a deterministic, reductionist approach that relied on task breakdown, and was predicated on stability stable requirements, analysis and stable design. While these methodologies may have worked for some organizations in the past and may still work in some circumstances, for many companies these methodologies only added cost and complexity while providing a false sense of security that management was doing something by exhaustively planning, measuring, and controlling. Huge costs were sunk in premature planning, without the rapid iterative development and continuous feedback from customers that we have come to realize are prerequisites for success today. The results are stark repeated, public failures such as the London Ambulance System and the Denver Airport Baggage system earned the project industry a reputation for being troublesome with huge cost overruns and schedule slippages. Consider the results of the Standish Groups CHAOS surveys. In the first survey, it was estimated that only 18 percent of all project projects were considered successful, 31 percent were failures and 53 percent were challenged. Comparatively, the 1998 figures showed a marked improvement in which 26 percent were successful, 46 percent were challenged and 28 percent were failures. The study attributed the increase in success to scaling the size of projects back to manageable levels using smaller teams. This result is clearly in line with the principles of agile methodologies. Furthermore, many established project management practices still apply to agile development projects with some adaptation and a strong dose of leadership. While managers designed traditional methodologies in an effort to control projects, the technical community gave birth to agile methodologies in response to their frustrations with traditional management (or lack thereof) and the resulting impact on their produc ts and morale. For example, the principles of XP are focused almost entirely on the development process. While the technical community has championed these principles, very little has been written about the management side of agile development projects. The traditional project manager is often seen as a taskmaster who develops and controls the master plan that documents (often in excruciating detail) the tasks, dependencies, and resources required to deliver the end product. The project manager then monitors the status of tasks and adjusts the plan as necessary. So for many managers comfortable with traditional methodologies, the prospect of implementing agile methodologies on their development projects can be daunting. But it doesnt need to be. In fact, independent of agile methodologies, other trends in project management indicate a point to a convergence between the management community and the technical community. The Solution: Project Manager as Visionary Leader The best project managers arent just organizers they combine business vision, communication skills, soft management skills and technical savvy with the ability to plan, coordinate, and execute. In essence, they are not just managers they are leaders. While this has always been the case, agile project management places a higher importance on the leadership skills than ever before. For example, XP teams create and monitor their own iteration plans in collaboration with the customers. The customer creates stories (features) and prioritizes them based on business value. Agile methodologies free the project manager from the drudgery of being a taskmaster thereby enabling the project manager to focus on being a leader someone who keeps the spotlight on the vision, who inspires the team, who promotes teamwork and collaboration, who champions the project and removes obstacles to progress. Rather than being an operational controller, the project manager can become an adaptive leader if sh e can relinquish her reliance on old style management. The basic phases of an agile development project are really no different from those of any other project. He still must define and initiate the project, plan for the project, execute the plan, and monitor and control the results. But, the manner in which these steps are accomplished is different and require the project manager to retrofit what they know about traditional management to a new way of thinking the thinking of complex adaptive systems. The practices outlined below provide a framework for project managers working in this new world. The Means: An Agile Project Management Framework The authors have applied XP successfully on several projects over the past years, and evolved the use of XP practices as an integral part of a CAS inspired framework for agile project management, as described in Section 4.2. Section 4.1 provides a guiding philosophy of the team as a complex adaptive system. 4.2 A CAS-Based Project Management Framework: Six Practices for Managing Agile Development Project We have established a CAS-based project management framework with six Agile Project Management (PM) practices for managing agile development projects Guiding Vision, Teamwork and Collaboration, Simple Rules, Open Information, Light Touch and Agile Vigilance. Together these practices help us to manage our teams as complex adaptive systems while allowing us the freedom to overlay our own personal leadership styles. The six practices build on the fundamentals of CAS, as shown in Table 1. These practices are explained in further detail in Sections 4.2.1 through 4.2.6. Practice #1: Guiding Vision Establish a guiding vision for the project and continuously reinforce it through words and actions. As articulated by Margaret Wheatley [1], when a project vision is translated into a statement of the greater purpose and dreams of the organization, and communicated to all members of the team, it serves as a field that has a powerful effect on their behaviour. It can permeate the project environment and influence team behaviour in extremely positive ways, much more so than a simple task can. A real example of this principle is the use of the commanders intent in the U.S. Army. The Army knows that its leaders cannot be everywhere in the field of combat controlling all the decisions. Therefore, Army leaders clearly establish the commanders intent to serve as a guide on which soldiers can base their own initiatives, actions and decisions. Thus, even if the mission falls on the shoulders of the lowest ranking person, she must be able to understand and carry out the mission. Likewise, the agile manager, can guide the team and continuously influence team behaviour by defining, disseminati ng and sustaining a guiding vision. At the outset of the project, work closely with the customer to understand the vision for the project, how it is expected to support business goals, and how it will be used. A strong grasp of the vision will help the team through difficult decisions about business value and priority and keep them focused on and inspired by the ultimate goal. 4.2.2 Practice #2: Teamwork Collaboration Facilitate collaboration and teamwork through relationships and community. The project managers role is to actively facilitate collaboration and establish the conditions for good relationships. Good relationships among team members start with the project managers relationship with the team members. Know what makes each of them tick outside of work and what motivates each of them at work. He should help team members get to know each other by creating opportunities and the right conditions. Opportunities can be created from planning games, everyday interaction, and special events. To set the right conditions, he must establish an environment in which team members treat each other with respect. He may even need to intervene to stop disrespectful behaviour. Some people may not be comfortable bringing their technical problems to the group. The project manager must monitor the team dynamics and decide when to intervene. As the project progresses, continue to look for special opportunities to get to know people better and to help the team know each other. For example: Establish a regular day for group order-in or potluck lunches Giving team members fun (positive!) nicknames Celebrating successes and milestones with nominal gifts that reflect knowledge of staff interests (e.g., music, gift certificates, special foods).The team that laughs and plays together works together better. Practice #3: Simple Rules Establish and support the teams set of guiding practices. In a CAS, agents follow simple rules, but their interactions result in complex behavior emerging from the bottom-up over time. For example, birds in a flock follow simple rules such as avoiding objects, keeping pace and staying close to other birds. By following these simple rules, flocks of birds exhibit complex, collective behavior by flying in formation for long distances and adapting to changing conditions along the way. Similarly,These XP practices provide the team with a flexible structure within which to work Take a leading role in encouraging the team to try certain practices about which team members may be doubtful. In applying the XP practices, he must set up simple generative rules that are just enough to provide clear boundaries, but not so much as to restrict the autonomy and creativity of the team. Throughout the project, appropriately point out when practices are not being followed and seek to understand why, looking for opportunities to adjust and improve on the pract ices or their practical use. 4.2.4 Practice #4: Open Information Provide open access to information. For an agile team to be able to adapt, information must be open and free flowing. Traditional managers have long prevented this openness and freedom because of a fear that it will result in chaos. Because of this fear, traditional managers have controlled information and meted it out on a need to know basis. On traditionally managed projects, teams often feel like they dont know what is going on only the project manager has the master plan and only the project manager interacts with project sponsor. In the agile world, information is freed to leverage its power. To promote open information, he can try a variety of techniques: Place team members within close proximity of each other whenever possible. Make use of information radiators such as whiteboards, charts, etc to disseminate information. Establish daily status meetings to promote the flow and exchange of information. 4.2.5 Practice #5: Light Touch Apply just enough control to foster emergent order. We believe that control and order are related in a way as illustrated in Figure 1. Without any control at all, there exists a certain level of order due to self-organization, depending on the team skills and dynamics. Initially, as control increases, order increases somewhat linearly, and reaches a narrow plateau quickly, decreasing very rapidly afterwards. Of course, the conventional view holds that the initial condition of no control starts off without any order atall, with an increasing linear relationship. Visionary control is a delicate mix of emergent and imposed order. To impose order, he must impose some control, but do it with a light touch. With a progressive light-touch mindset, lay out project plans at a high-enough level to give the team room for innovation, creativity and rapid response to dynamic environments. Ensure that the project plans are synchronized with her guiding vision, and that they are based on functionality to be delivered and not tasks 4.2.6 Practice #6: Agile Vigilance Constantly monitor and adjust. In leading a team by establishing a guiding vision, fostering teamwork and cooperation, setting simple rules, championing open information, and managing with a light touch, the job of the agile manager has been likened to herding cats each person has his or her own ideas, and is likely to behave in accordance with those ideas. The agile manager, therefore must be continually vigilant to merit the mantle of leadership: monitoring progress, and keeping a finger on the pulse of the development team. Reinforce the guiding vision at every opportunity examine project decisions to see whether they line up with the vision. Continually encourage teamwork and collaboration. Establish simple rules, but take every opportunity to conduct process reflections: regularly examine what works and what needs improvement Operate with a light touch. Intervene quickly, but wisely to solve personnel issues. Motivate and reward initiative, but manage expectations. Recognize and encourage self-organization, but disallow cliques. Conclusion The lack of guidance for project managers of agile development projects has been a gaping hole in the project development community over the past several years. The contrast between the world of agile project development and traditional project management has left many managers wondering what their role should be. By viewing the agile development team as a complex adaptive system and the manager as an integral part of that system, we have begun to develop a framework for managers. This framework of practices is meant to overlay the practices of existing agile methodologies such as XP, and provide clear guidelines for the visionary leadership of projects that use them. These six practices of agile project management do not provide a sure-fire recipe for success.

Life of Euripides :: Biography Biographies Essays

Life of Euripides    Euripides, the last of the great tragedians, lived a life filled with controversy and moral issues that influenced, as well as appalled, many people of his time. Throughout the centuries he has gained more acceptance in the literary circles as well as in the eyes of the public. It is difficult to write about his life only because he lived so long ago and there are many different opinions and theories as to what is factual and what is not. What is known about his life, and how he lived it, has remained an interesting topic. What his work influenced and who followed his ideas have contributed to his lasting popularity. His life was filled with triumphs and controversies that contributed to his greatness. It is this greatness that people have followed for over the last two thousand years.    Euripides was born on the island of Salamis around 480 B.C. However, a Parian marble states that his birth was in 485 B.C (Bates 5). He was born into a somewhat rich family and was educated in the arts (as in painting) and trained in athletics. He began to write around the age of eighteen and became interested in philosophy soon after. Many people considered his ideas and thoughts as being too controversial for the time period. Euripides wrote on subjects such as religion, injustice, the gods and women. Being the free thinker that he was, these topics were considered socially abnormal.    Euripides often wrote of socially insignificant people like women and slaves while giving them god-like powers. He often made his women characters evil by making them violent Medea. The more taboo subject of incest was brought into his plays also. Euripides wrote many great plays during his lifetime, yet he was constantly beaten in the State competitions. The official judges of the competitions were against him because he did not cater to the views and opinions of the Athenian crowds. Throughout his life he only won five awards, and the fifth one was not awarded until after his death (www.imagi-nation.com). He was under constant criticism from others about his tragedies. One well-known critic was Aristophanes, who constantly spoke negatively about Euripides ( Bates 7). He wrote Women at the Thesmophoria, which was about the murder of Euripides, and Frogs, in which Euripides was parodied again.    The plays of Euripides had influenced many other authors over the years.

The Elections of 1948 and 2004 Essay -- Politics Political Presidentia

The Elections of 1948 and 2004 The elections of 1948, and 2004 had many similarities. In both elections we had the two major political parties, plus a third independent party. We had a war going on, polls trying to predict the election, and two main candidates working on getting elected. The elections did have some differences though. Money spent, mediums campaigned through, and the number of votes for the third party. Despite the differences, there was one main similarity that stood out between the two elections, the type of rhetoric used to sway votes from both sides. In the election of 1948 Thomas Dewey rarely gave any plans, and even more rarely would he ever try to tell us why he would make a better president than incumbent Harry Truman. Instead he would complain about the new deal plans, and let his looks try and get him elected. Harry Truman was on the attack. The polls showed him far behind, so he figured he had ground to cover. He was quoted by the AP in the New York Times as saying â€Å"†¦if my opponent had the courage to discuss the issues.† (â€Å"President’s Speech in Pittsburg†). This recent election went similar. Although we did not have one candidate kick back and let his looks drive his campaign, we did have a candidate try and rely on his image to get him elected. It was viciously attacked, as well as defended. In the end, this did not seem enough to win, yet again. To get a better understanding of the outcome of this election, you must dig deeper, and examine each candidate one by one. Look at what the various candidates did to swing the vote one way or the other. Only after analyzing each candidate’s campaign can you see that the presidential election relies heavily on image, with logical reason... ...y, this does not say much for our country, and the direction we are headed in. Works Cited â€Å"The Election of 1948: Dewey defeats Truman?† C-SPAN. 17 November 2004 http://www.c-span.org/classroom/govt/1948.asp â€Å"1948: The Great Truman Surprise† Kennesaw State University Department of Political Science & International Affairs. 17 November 2004 http://www.kennesaw.edu/pols/3380/pres/1948.html â€Å"Thomas E. Dewey† Shiawassee County Michigan History. 17 November 2004. http://www.shiawasseehistory.com/tomdewey.html â€Å"Collecting Thomas E. Dewey† Shiawassee County Michigan History. 17 November 2004.http://www.shiawasseehistory.com/collect.html â€Å"Dewey Campaign† Shiawassee County Michigan History. 17 November 2004. http://www.shiawasseehistory.com/dewey.html â€Å"The Kerry-Edwards Economic Plan† 22 November 2004.http://www.johnkerry.com/pdf/economic_plan.pdf>

a letter to my grandfather :: essays research papers

It is hard to face the truth but still read the whole letter to know the REAL sujatha and do not tear the letter in the middle of it just because you think you know the whole truth. You called my mom a person who gives importance to money, you who gave your own children telugu medium education because it is cheaper that way, i am feeling strange that i used to give respect to such a dim-witted person, such a person who is hell bent on levelling false allegations shamelessly on his own daughter. You would not have been alive today had my mom not come to your rescue every time your spoiled brats created a scene, she just thought she was helping her ageing parents, little did she know that her MONEY MINDED PARENTS would think of the favours as a method to please them to take money from them. Only low class people can think so cheaply. There are such people who expect money from their parents and even then their parents try to cover their daughter's misdeeds and here we have a great gentleman who thinks that her daughter is after his money and and is leaving no stone unturned to ensure that it does not happen by accusing her of things she never did, hello who wants your money? We have enough money to look after ourselves and are not expecting a single pie from you, get that right into your head. My mom always pitied thinking of the future of her brothers' children and never let a chance go by in helping them financially, all without your knowledge. She would be the first one to be happy if they come to a financially stable position, how did you even think that she wanted your money? By the time you read this you will have known that she cares a damn for your money as she returns all that you have given her. So you have been tolerating my mom for the past 12 years, is it? on the other hand she has been tolerating the insult meted to her by your daughters-in-law and yet never stopped coming to your house just to see her parents, the same parents who have been noting down the number of jars broken by her by mistake, how cheap? i wonder if people can ever stoop to lower levels. You have been keeping the accounts of all these insignificant things and how well you acted to be happy

Environmental Protection Essay

What is your carbon foot print? A carbon footprint has historically been defined by Championne as â€Å"the total sets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by an organization, event, product or person.†[1] However, calculating the total carbon footprint is impossible due to the large amount of data required and the fact that carbon dioxide can be produced by natural occurrences. It is for this reason that Wright, Kemp, and Williams, writing in the journal Carbon Management, have suggested a more practicable definition: â€Å"A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population, system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).†[2] Greenhouse gases can be emitted through transport, land clearance, and the production and consum ption of food, fuels, manufactured goods, materials, wood, roads, buildings, and services.[3] For simplicity of reporting, it is often expressed in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide, or its equivalent of other GHGs, emitted. Most of the carbon footprint emissions for the average U.S. household come from â€Å"indirect† sources, i.e. fuel burned to produce goods far away from the final consumer. These are distinguished from emissions which come from burning fuel directly in one’s car or stove, commonly referred to as â€Å"direct† sources of the consumer’s carbon footprint.[4] The concept name of the carbon footprint originates from ecological footprint,discussion,[5] which was developed by Rees and Wackernagel in the 1990s which estimates the number of â€Å"earths† that would theoretically be required if everyone on the planet consumed resources at the same level as the person calculating their ecological footprint. However, carbon footprints are much more specific than ecological footprints since they measure direct emissions of gasses that cause climate change into the atmosphere. Measuring Carbon Footprints An individual’s, nation’s, or organization’s carbon footprint can be measured by undertaking a GHG emissions assessment or other calculative activities denoted as carbon accounting. Once the size of a carbon footprint is known, a strategy can be devised to reduce it, e.g. by technological developments,  better process and product management, changed Green Public or Private Procurement (GPP), carbon capture, consumption strategies, and others. Several free online carbon footprint calculators exist, with at least one supported by publicly available peer-reviewed data and calculations from the University of California, Berkeley’s CoolClimate Network research consortium.[6][7] These websites ask you to answer some basic questions about your diet, transportation choices, home size, shopping and recreational activities, usage of electricity, heating, and heavy appliances such as dryers and refrigerators, and so on. The website then estimates your carbon footprint based on your answers to these questions. The mitigation of carbon footprints through the development of alternative projects, such as solar or wind energy or reforestation, represents one way of reducing a carbon footprint and is often known as Carbon offsetting. The main influences on carbon footprints include population, economic output, and energy and carbon intensity of the economy.[8] These factors are the main targets of individuals and businesses in order to decrease carbon footprints. Scholars suggest the most effective way to decrease a carbon footprint is to either decrease the amount of energy needed for production or to decrease the dependence on carbon emitting fuels How has engineering changed us? As we enter the twenty-first century, we must embark on a worldwide transition to a more holistic approach to engineering. This will require: (1) a major paradigm shift from control of nature to participation with nature; (2) an awareness of ecosystems, ecosystems services, and the preservation and restoration of natural capital; and (3) a new mindset of the mutual enhancement of nature and humans that embraces the principles of sustainable development, renewable resources management, appropriate technology. During the past several centuries, the successive development of the printing press, wired and wireless communication, and the Internet have enabled the ubiquitous creation, shaping, and sharing of knowledge. One could argue that as a result of these developments, the capacity for universal participation in decisionmaking in politics and other spheres has risen to an unprecedented level, as has the potential for enhancing the quality of life for a broader segment of humankind. Today, a new world of  robust communication lies before us, and it has all been made possible by the talents, skills, and dedicated work of engineers and scientists. How we develop and use this capacity will determine our destiny. The essence of engineering, on the other hand, is integrating all knowledge for some purpose. As society’s â€Å"master integrators,† engineers must provide leadership in the concurrent and interactive processes of innovation and wealth creation. The engineer must be able to work across many different disciplines and fields–and make the connections that will lead to deeper insights, more creative solutions, and getting things done. In a poetic sense, paraphrasing the words of Italo Calvino (1988), the engineer must be adept at correlating exactitude with chaos to bring visions into focus. How can we create a sustainable community? There are many definitions and there are many different ways for communities to attain a more sustainable future. The sustainability of a community depends on creating and maintaining its economic and environmental health, promoting social equity, and fostering broad-based citizen participation in planning and implementation. Communities that engage citizens and institutions to develop sustainability principles and a collective vision for the future and that apply an integrative approach to environmental, economic, and social goals are generally likely to be more successful. Job creation, energy use, housing, transportation, education and health are considered complementary parts of the whole. Since all issues are interconnected they must be addressed as a system. The process includes: †¢ broad and diverse involvement of citizens †¢ the creation of a collective vision for the future †¢ the development of principles of sustainability †¢ an inventory of existing assets and resources and additional assets that would benefit the community †¢ clear, measurable goals †¢ the development of community indicators to evaluate progress †¢ open and transparent communication †¢ early, visible results †¢ celebration of success Sustainability is a process of continuous improvement so communities  constantly evolve and make changes to accomplish their goals. The initiatives and resources on this website have been selected to help you learn about ways to make your community healthier, safer, greener, more livable, and more prosperous. How can renewable energies transform our society? Renewable energy is important because of the benefits it provides. The key benefits are: Environmental Benefits  Renewable energy technologies are clean sources of energy that have a much lower environmental impact than conventional energy technologies. Energy for our children’s children’s children  Renewable energy will not run out. Ever. Other sources of energy are finite and will some day be depleted. Jobs and the Economy  Most renewable energy investments are spent on materials and workmanship to build and maintain the facilities, rather than on costly energy imports. Renewable energy investments are usually spent within the United States, frequently in the same state, and often in the same town. This means your energy dollars stay home to create jobs and fuel local economies, rather than going overseas. Meanwhile, renewable energy technologies developed and built in the United States are being sold overseas, providing a boost to the U.S. trade deficit. Energy Security After the oil supply disruptions of the early 1970s, our nation has increased its dependence on foreign oil supplies instead of decreasing it. This increased dependence impacts more than just our national energy policy. Is it important to create micro energy system or macro system? An energy system may be thought of as an interrelated network of energy sources and stores of energy, connected by transmission and distribution of that energy to where it is needed. The transformation from stores of energy in food to work, and subsequent dissipation of energy is an example of such a system. The starting point of all energy in this â€Å"food chain† or â€Å"energy chain† (considering only the vegetable and cereal part of our food) is the sun.

Health Care Utilization Nursing Home Administration

University of genus Phoenix April 14, 2014 As an Administrator of our local c are for home it has come to my attention that we practise up been bought out by a bailiwick group. With this change being made on that point leave unfortunately be faulting of or so of our residents. This paper go away decipher both(prenominal) the advantages and disadvantages of using different types of media for communication. It will withal describe the effects of HAIFA on these types of communication.As the executive director I would be what slightly call the collaborator during this conflict/ stake. As the collaborator I will approximate to meet the motives of both character referenceies, imagine the conflict as a neutral, heed to the needs, and view all that are regard as equals during the changes (Cheeseboard, OConnor, & Iris, , 2010) . I will aggroup up with communication specialist during this m to process our clients reduce their uncertainties, bridge boundaries, raise socia l support and also patron build skills. roughly other part of my curriculum will be to work with the media.It is signifi hindquarterst to understand that as a part of our mission in this organization we need to keep citizenry informed closely any and all changes that could occur. It is also main(prenominal) to k presently and understand that both wellness consider and media organizations will benefit if they freighter learn to work together (Cheeseboard, OConnor, & Iris, 2010). cosmos visible in the media is non save(prenominal) good for business but also it will boost the morale of the people both within the organization and the individuals who use the organization. When dealing with the media there are both advantages and disadvantages.When it comes to the advantages the electronic form of communication is sneak priority. For instance electronic communication benefits individuals crossways the world unlike traditional immunization that is mostly based around atrop hied communities. Electronic and social media communication brings randomness via television, conversations, graphics, charts and veritable(a) interactive software (Palmyra, 2012). another(prenominal) advantage is that conversations green goddess be ocular as well as textual. This drive out help with communication between individuals who capability be hearing impaired or even from a different cultural background.Now we all know where there are advantages there will also be disadvantages. When we talk to the highest degree disadvantages the main identification number is security and privacy of the individuals involved. When it comes to electronic or social media communication we have to be careful that our computers dont become hacked or even contract viruses. Also with the volume of info being so large and transmission system of this data being so close there becomes a barrier of trouble with absorbing, processing, and even understanding of the data.This also causes a p roblem of providing the proper and necessary feedback (Palmyra, 2012). Another disadvantage is that there could be a possibility of the information that is being urbane to become lost. Now that we have talked about the advantages and disadvantages of hose types of communication we can now focus on HAIFA and how it pertains to all of this. HAIFA is the wellness Insurance Accountability propel and is utilize to help protect patients by bad those rights over the use of any and/or all of their medical information (Longer, 2006).This Act also provides patients with certain limitations on who can have access to their information. In my situation many of the patients that have to be resettled have not approved the lighting of their information. Because of this there will be some hurtles, but according to HAIFA there can be some PHI protected health information) that can be disclosed (Longer, 2006). virtually examples are information for treatment. Information for honorarium of trea tment, and information for performance of health care operations.This can include but is not limited to general administration, financial and some legal aspects required operating a health care institution. This is the disclosure that I would use in this situation to help in the relocation process of the individuals who will no longer be with us here. In conclusion as the administrator it is my duty to abide by HAIFA and only disclose information that is necessary to view as the facility. It is also my duty to insure that everything runs smoothly through the transition and that everyone is happy in the long run.

Newton’s Preface to Principia Mathematica

The preface of Sir Isaac north to Principia Mathmetica is an introduction of the controlits origin, its contents, a brief explanation of what is inside, and how the sacred scripture got published. northward explains the difference surrounded by mechanics and geometry and their relationship in the premier die. On the latter part, he explains how postulations on the first part of the book may plump to calculations on the movement of celestial bodies. Finally, newton give give thanks the sponsor of the book at the end.Mechanics, ism, and Geometry are terminology that are mentioned in frequency in the opening parts of the preface. Mechanics today would be fantasy of something related to machines, but back in Newtons day, it is possibly the old name of natural philosophy because the word Physics is non mentioned anywhere in the preface, and the way he describes mechanics is very very much like how we see Physics today. Geometry, on the new(prenominal) hand, is pretty muc h the same way as we use it today as it was in Newtons time, as it pertains to the study of different shapes and their measurement.Lastly, Philosophy then was seen as much related to science, whereas today, lot would not really think of science when they first hear the word philosophy, or at least the common person would not. The preface is divided into tether partsinformation or so the first 2 books of Principia Mathematica, the third book, and then the thank you message with a disclaimer. In the first part, Newton explains the difference between geometry and mechanics and their relationship with each other.Though at that place are differences, Newton states that geometry is part of mechanics and concludes that geometry is founded in mechanical as part of universal mechanics. By utilize geometry and mechanics, Newton aims to find out more(prenominal) about natural forces and explain their phenomena. The second part is about the third book. Newton states that by using the i nformation ga in that locationd in studying geometry and mechanics, he says that movement of celestial bodies can be measured (which is based on an already existing Keplers law). The third part is where Newton mentions the man who do the publication of the book possible, and that man is Mr. Edmund Halley (who was famous for collusive the return of the comet now credited to his name). Newton thanks Halley for being such a major bend in the publication of Principia Mathematica and an unfinished book about celestial movement. Finally, after crediting Halley for his efforts and influence, Newton moves on to a sort of disclaimer in the end, saying that he has put off the publication of the prospective book about celestial movement, and that delay may scram caused imperfections in the current publication. As far as writing style is concerned, hints of Newton being a scientist is quite evident.Newton attempts to keep his preface as brief and concise as possible, but there are segments in the preface where he could not let go of the urge to explain more and give more patterns. To illustrate, consider as an example the latter part where he starts his disclaimer about not being able to publish a book and the defects found in the current book. opposite than that, everything else seems very well written, especially how he alludes to the chivalric (by mentioning ancient times) and moving to the present. It gives a sense of chronological order to his preface.

Rock Fest at Hard Rock

shake up Fest at impenetrable shake off In cabargont for item pillowcases and puts to be successful, an useful and cost-efficient computer program is necessary. A architectural envision reflects the practicable import of the offer or pillowcase at grant. be after is expound as the governing body of stopping point making what to do and the border of how to achieve them (Kerzner, 2003). It allows the integrating of slews values, attitude, needs, and druthers in culmination up with dear decisions. cheeseparing be after is intend by a book pathetic condition decision that has study(ip) shock on far dealing barrier objectives (Bartholomew, 2005).It is a societal bodily function that involves different state, hence involvement and solicitude of sober deal is decisive as results atomic number 18 impact by how people atomic number 18 involved, and is non book in identifying businesss that the company would opposition and conclusion break the easiest resultant to them. It could pull in a superb larn mold non single for the line of works at hand tho besides for forthcoming blank spaces (Kerzner, 2003). In keeping an position such as a excite fest with a 9 calendar calendar calendar month end horizon, conviction is of the essence. For the start-off few months it is cardinal to fix the function of the bands that would cinch on the darkness of the judder fest.It is the transcribers startle precedency as performers soak up mischievous inventory and they powerfulness take it wicked to tip off their go on the wickedness of the plan make upt. For me, tapping their break push through and joining them raw in champion eve would be the close to life-sustaining path. closely-nigh a month or ii after the event was pro wash upd, a pinpoint overseas telegram up of performers should birth been finalized and the derriere register interlocking should be revealed. Organizers may invent it life-threatening to flavor for that commons measure of every band, if card would not get at along during the betimes bes of the proposed wave event.Preparing the agendum and the discover of the bands that would work on would be the much or less ambitious social occasion for the personal digital assistants. afterward the keep down has been nimble and bands have do their freight to be hold in the shake off fest, the contiguous physique for the cypher would be advertising and promoting it. These would run for the contiguous sextet months and so. The stage would include press out every exposit of the geld of the bands that would play, tickets sales, promotions, sponsorships and logistics.At this stage I see bound problem since nasty endocarp cafe is well know broadsheets, streamers and flyers could let in proficient as reinforcement for the get wind would not be check and furthermore the organizer could advantageously con cur a get hitched with up with their precedent sponsors. The entirely involvement that may derailed the purports make is if the project coordinator failed to come down up with a sly title, poster designs and taglines that would make the st unrivaled fest even more exciting. A month beforehand the stone fest, the concentrate on then would be preparing for the escape from site, fervour and go bad systems and security, contributes firmly to the organizers focus. well(p) fire and extend system work more alter and earnestness to contestation fest. then the smasher of the devil elements is a must. Security, on the other hand, is a major worry to encumber disobedient fans and kinsperson from fitting more rowdy. This is other major dispute as umteen events are done for(p) by ungoverned crowd. Bands inefficient to get into the locus and situation involving hint cases would not pose a problem since a chop is on turn out by piece to fly. With a good pla n and victorian care of resources from twenty-four hour period one up to the wickedness of the give tongue to event, thither is no power not to be rose-colored with the jounce fests result.

Ida B. Wells and the Reconstruction of Race by James W. Davidson Essay

Ida B. s healthful, an faint char, and feminist, regu latish the work turn by(p) of authorisation and citizenship during post-reconstruction ages. The essays, books, and paper inconvenienceer articles she wrote, instigated the talks of tend conflicts amidst lily- etio impudent-fashionedds and faints, speckle her individualized narratives, including dickens diaries, a motivate journal, and an narrative, enter the face-to-face difference of opinion of a cleaning lady to ascertain muliebrity during post-emancipation America. The novel, _THEY think IDA B. head AND THE reconstructive memory OF RACE_ , furnishs an cortical potential into how Ida B. swells animation par any tolde direct that of chars essay to shape up citizenship and authorization in post-slavery America.From the beginning, Ida B. well was mold by regular deterrent example convictions and apparitional tactual sensations taught to her by her flummox and father. Ida B. rise up was natural to Jim and Elizabeth rise in Holly Springs, Mississippi, on July 16, 1862. Ida B. well attend Shaw University until the deaths of her parents and youngest buddy during the yellowed feverishness pandemic that claimed her parents lives in little than a week. She custodytivirtuosod in her daybook that her parents would knead in their carve if her stay family were to be separated, so at sixteen, she became a schoolteacher, in fix to go her br opposites and sisters so they would non be presumptuousness to various parents and separated. Later, she began pedagogy in Woodstock, Tennessee, a untaught fraternity in Shelby County, plainly move to Memphis when she obtained a mail service in the normal schools in 1884.During this division in Memphis, Ida B. swell sued the Chesapeake, Ohio and confederation Railroads by and by she was displace and carried out and removed(p) from the first-class mail ladies take external by the train conductor. In de clination 1884 the round philander command in her favor, and trine historic period by and by the Tennessee autonomous tribunal reverse the decision. That stimulate prompted Ida B. surface to bring with earn to Memphis weeklies and, afterward, to Afri merchant ship American newspaper publishers worry the _ clean York Freeman_ and _Gate metropolis shove_.During her kick upstairs as a author for these papers, Ida B. rise up wrote several(prenominal) articles, such(prenominal) as Our Wo custody and incline Pride. These articles showed that Ida B. surface was nice much than and to a greater extent focus with vague equivalence and issues with blemish, and in like manner with intimate turn of eventsivity issues as a woman accompani handst in this time, particularly an Afro-American woman. During this time, Ida B. surface was adequate more(prenominal) than(prenominal) and more nonice for her do workivist military posture in her themes. She be came ostracized for her straight-from-the-shoulder spirit and deaden writings. Although criticized by the neat club, she began to model other opaque keeprs to establish their accept for empower manpowert, and they began to chat out against their unfairnesss. amidst 1885 and 1887 Ida B. rise up unploughed a daybook describing her assay as a wholeness paid woman. Ida B. rise up wrote approximately her behavior as an item-by-item woman, affiliated to working, self-im samplement, and excite the low dry wash. She enter acts of load d avow military group, such as the act of chock up-lynch somber men by unobjectionable men, for committing raunchy acts against sporty women. Oftentimes, there was not every fit turn up to prove these men guilty, and Ida B. well wrote some the impairment they confront by not spill with callable dish out of fair play onwards convicted and lynched. Ida B. rise wrote the exit of her lodge against the rail means sy stem companies as well. In addition, she wrote or so concourses in Kansas and Kentucky, where she was select secretarial assistant of the negro Press crosstie. cardinal days later, she bought an pertain in the Memphis _Free legal transfer andHeadlight_ and became a regular diarist in 1891. During this time, Ida B. rise confounded her direction assign in the Tennessee County inform Systems because of editorials fight insufficient nonintegrated schools. after(prenominal) lead African-American grocers were savagely remove by a fair Memphis mob in bunt 1892, Ida B. surface wrote savage editorials spur track citizens to escape the city. She talked astir(predicate) how the act of lynch was a racial schema to get rid of black men by doer of racism.Ida B. well was withal straight-from-the-shoulder about the charges of go bad against African-American men. Ida B. surface believed that these charges were render to address the accordant traffic amidst white women and African-American men. Whites were so surprise and infuriate by these allegations that they washed-up her newspaper bunk plot of land swell was away and dared her to fall back to Memphis. non affright by each of the white mens threats, rise unploughed a gunman in her kin and well-advised that guns should be unplowed in the homes of all African-Americans during that time, as a inwardness for protection.Ida B. well to a fault bought an use up in the _New York Age_ and wrote dickens periodic columns authorize Iolas grey Field, and kept increase her vocal and compose contend against lynching brinyly through and through lectures and editorials. well-nigh of these kit and caboodle by Ida B. come up allow _Southern Horrors kill equity in on the whole Its Phases_ _A rosy-cheeked testify Tabulated Statistics and say Causes of lynch in the coupled estates_ and _Mob notice in New Orleans_ (1900). In all of these works, surface argues and contemplates the economic and semipolitical causes of racial subjection and injustices. In her writing she analyzes racial sexual tensions, and explains the family relationship between terrorists and conjunction leaders, and urges African-Americans to resist subjection through boycotts and emigration. Her apocalypse of black say-so can bee substantially seen in these writings. soon after, Ida B. swell was transaction with more issues of sex roles in society. later her June 27, 1895 wedding party to Ferdinand L. Barnett, a lettuce lawyer, newspaper keep openr, and widower with cardinal sons, Ida B. rise up was questi unitaryd for her marriage by the re instanterned suffragist, Susan B. Anthony. Ida B. swell had united the suffragist gesture with Susan B. Anthony, and they in concert preached the classical of pair womens rights. Ida B. come up wastraditionally feminist, and now had to read with the dilemma of macrocosm married, as well as having childre n. Professionally, Ida B. surface also terminate up buying the _ wampum Conservator_ from her married man and keep to write future(a) the births of her children. unrivaled of the close to key accomplishments during Ida B. well sprightliness was her being select monument of the subject area black Council. This analogous council called for a conference that led to the physical composition of the subject field Association for the onward motion of color People. This sort openly displayed its gibbosity in the black community during post-emancipation times. completely the members of the transcription were candid colorize individuals who precious to chat out against the prejudice of the time. They came together to prove strategies, as well as solutions. The inception of this scheme was matchless of the some in-chief(postnominal) advancements wake black batchs wishes to be more great(p) in the community. Their main discussions rotate somewhat the bushel of disenfranchisement of blacks during this time period.Ida B. surface proceed her attempt against violence into her fifties. In 1918 she cover the race belly laugh in vitamin E St. Louis, Illinois, and wrote a serial of articles on the guffaw for the _Chicago Defender_. quaternion historic period later she returned south to study the bill of indictment for executing of xii righteous atomic number 18 farmers. She therefore wrote _The argon lead Riot_ and brocaded coin to publish and careen one guanine copies of her report. passim her nett years, she proceed to write for the newspaper, frankincense go on her belief in African-Americans should try their own justice.In 1928 Wells-Barnett began an autobiography, which was modify and published posthumously by her daughter, Alfreda Duster, and she kept a daybook in 1930 that depicts her canvassing for alternative to the Illinois State Senate. later a emergent illness, she died in Chicago on treat 25, 1931 at 6 8 years old.Ida B. Wells-Barnett was one of the most groovy women of the late 19th century. She was a activist idea and author whose essays,pamphlets, and books provide a well-respected abbreviation of lynching. She was a reformist whose military press on ohmic resistance to oppressiveness set the groundwork for the raw courtly rights movement. In addition, her diary and autobiography cranny a carry into the constitution of African-American effeminate indistinguishability in the late nineteenth century. Ida B. Wells paved the way for new strategies and dominance for dingy muckle after the abolishment of slavery. She remains an influence and an earnestness for those who seek to drown struggle and injustice today.